Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 6. Women's HealthWomen's Health: IntroductionThe study of biologic differences between sexes has emerged as a distinct scientific discipline. A report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) found that sex has a broad impact on biologic and disease processes and succinctly concluded: sex matters. The National Institutes of Health established the Office of Research on Women's Health in 1990 to develop an agenda for future research in the field. In parallel, women's health has become a distinct clinical discipline with a focus on disorders that are disproportionately represented in women. The integration of women's health into internal medicine and other specialties has been accompanied by novel approaches to health care delivery, including greater attention to patient education and involvement in disease prevention and medical decision-making.The IOM report recommended the term sex difference to describe biologic processes that differ between males and females and gender difference for features related to social influences. Disorders highlighted here are reviewed in detail in other chapters.Disease Risk: Reality and PerceptionThe leading causes of death are the same in women and men: (1) heart disease, (2) cancer, and (3) cerebrovascular disease (Table 6-1; Fig. 6-1). The leading cause of cancer death, lung cancer, is the same in both sexes, with higher mortality rates than breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, but it causes about 60% fewer deaths than lung cancer. Men are substantially more likely to die from suicide, homicide, and accidents than women.
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Source: Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 54, No. 13, April 19, 2006, Table 12, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_13.pdf. |
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